Which E-Bikes Are Illegal in the UK? A Clear Guide for Riders

Electric bikes are transforming the way we travel - cutting through traffic, tackling hills with ease, and offering a greener alternative to cars. Their rise in popularity across the UK is no surprise, with sleek designs and powerful motors turning heads from city streets to country lanes.

But while e-bikes offer freedom and convenience, not all of them are legal to ride on public roads. It’s important to understand the rules and regulations that apply - especially if you're thinking of buying one or already own one.

In this guide, we’ll explain which electric bikes are considered illegal in the UK, why that’s the case, and how to stay on the right side of the law. Let’s clear up the confusion and help you enjoy the benefits of e-biking - legally and safely.

Understanding Electric Bikes

What makes an electric bike different from a regular bicycle? Known as e-bikes, these modern machines combine traditional cycling with the added power of an electric motor. Unlike scooters or motorbikes, e-bikes remain pedal-driven - the motor simply provides assistance, making it easier to ride uphill, travel further, and maintain higher speeds with less effort.

Essentially, e-bikes enhance your pedalling power, offering a more accessible and enjoyable cycling experience.

To explore our full range of electric bikes, browse the collection here.

Why Are E-Bikes So Popular?

Electric bikes appeal to commuters, fitness fans, and leisure riders alike thanks to their many advantages:

• Eco-Friendly Travel - With zero emissions and lower energy use than cars, e-bikes are a cleaner way to get around and support the UK’s climate goals.
• Health Benefits - You still need to pedal - so e-bikes offer a low-impact way to stay active and boost overall fitness.
• Cost Savings - E-bikes are cheaper to run and maintain than cars, saving money on fuel, parking, and public transport.

A Growing Trend in the UK

Electric bikes are gaining popularity across the UK, from city commutes in London and Manchester to countryside adventures. Backed by government efforts to promote greener transport, e-bikes are now a key part of sustainable travel.

However, not all e-bikes are road legal. It’s important to understand the rules - next, we’ll explore which models meet UK regulations and which could land you in trouble.

UK Electric Bike Regulations

Electric bikes may be growing in popularity, but not all are legal for road use. The UK has specific rules in place to ensure safety and fairness for all road users.

What Makes an E-Bike Road Legal?

To be used on public roads without a licence, insurance, or registration, an electric bike must meet the following criteria:

• Power and Speed Limits: The motor must not exceed 250 watts, and assistance must cut off at 15.5 mph (25 km/h). This ensures the bike supports rather than replaces pedalling.
• Pedal Assist Only – Legal e-bikes must be pedal-assist, meaning the motor only activates when you pedal. Throttle-only e-bikes – where you can accelerate without pedalling – are not road legal. Read our full guide to e-bike throttles and UK laws.
• EAPC Compliance: Bikes must meet Electrically Assisted Pedal Cycle (EAPC) standards. This includes working pedals, clear manufacturer labelling, and adherence to safety specifications.

Only e-bikes that meet these requirements can be ridden on public roads and cycle paths in the UK. Anything more powerful or throttle-controlled is classed as a motor vehicle and subject to additional legal requirements.

Legal Consequences of Non-Compliance

Riding an electric bike that doesn’t meet UK legal standards - such as exceeding the 250W power limit, going over 15.5mph, or using a throttle without pedalling - can lead to fines, penalties, or even confiscation of the bike. These rules are enforced to protect both riders and other road users.

By staying within the legal limits, you not only avoid legal trouble but also promote safer, more responsible riding on shared roads and cycle paths.

Electric Bikes That Are Illegal in the UK

Not all electric bikes are road-legal in the UK. Some models fall outside the legal limits and are therefore banned from public roads. Here’s what to watch out for:

Types of Illegal E-Bikes

• Overpowered Motors: Any e-bike with a motor exceeding 250 watts is not road-legal. These high-powered motors are treated as motor vehicles under UK law and require registration, tax, and insurance.
• Excessive Speed: E-bikes that can assist beyond 15.5 mph (25 km/h) are also illegal for road use. Higher speeds increase the risk of accidents and reduce control.
• Non-EAPC Compliant Bikes: Bikes that don’t meet Electrically Assisted Pedal Cycle (EAPC) standards - such as those without functional pedals or lacking manufacturer details - are not permitted on public roads.

Why Choosing a Legal E-Bike Matters

Riding a road-legal electric bike means you’re compliant with UK law, protected from penalties, and contributing to safer, more responsible cycling. It also helps promote a positive image of e-biking as a sustainable, mainstream transport option.

How to Ensure Your Electric Bike is Legal

To stay compliant with UK regulations, here are some practical steps to help you choose a road-legal electric bike:

• Check Power Output and Speed Limits: Make sure the motor doesn’t exceed 250 watts and that motor assistance cuts off at 15.5 mph (25 km/h). Always review the manufacturer's specifications before buying.
• Ensure EAPC Compliance: Confirm the bike meets Electrically Assisted Pedal Cycle (EAPC) standards. It must have working pedals, display manufacturer details, and include relevant safety markings or certification labels.
• Buy from Reputable Sellers: Purchase your e-bike from trusted dealers or manufacturers with a proven track record. Reputable sellers are more likely to offer fully compliant, road-legal models.

For added assurance, consult the UK Government’s official guidelines - available via the Department for Transport - or seek advice from local cycling groups and e-bike communities.

By following these tips, you can enjoy the benefits of electric biking without worrying about legality. Choosing a compliant e-bike not only keeps you within the law but also supports safer roads and helps build a strong reputation for electric biking across the UK.

Want help choosing a compliant model? See our guide to the best road-legal electric bikes in the UK.

Conclusion

In this post, we’ve explored which electric bikes are illegal in the UK and why it’s essential to understand the regulations before hitting the road. From power and speed limits to EAPC compliance, staying informed helps ensure a safe, legal, and enjoyable riding experience.

At Back Yard Online, we’re proud to offer a wide selection of high-quality, road-legal electric bikes. Whether you're after a stylish city commuter, a capable off-road model, or a comfortable cruiser, our range includes fully compliant bikes from trusted manufacturers.

Browse our collection today and find the perfect electric bike that meets both your needs and UK legal standards. With Back Yard Online, you can ride with confidence - knowing your e-bike is safe, sustainable, and road-ready.