Which E-Bikes Are Illegal in the UK? A Clear Guide for Riders

Electric bikes are transforming the way we travel - cutting through traffic, tackling hills with ease, and offering a greener alternative to cars. Their rise in popularity across the UK is no surprise, with sleek designs and powerful motors turning heads from city streets to country lanes.

But while e-bikes offer freedom and convenience, not all of them are legal to ride on public roads. It’s important to understand the rules and regulations that apply - especially if you're thinking of buying one or already own one.

In this guide, we’ll explain which electric bikes are considered illegal in the UK, why that’s the case, and how to stay on the right side of the law. Let’s clear up the confusion and help you enjoy the benefits of e-biking - legally and safely.

Understanding Electric Bikes

What makes an electric bike different from a regular bicycle? Known as e-bikes, these modern machines combine traditional cycling with the added power of an electric motor. Unlike scooters or motorbikes, e-bikes remain pedal-driven - the motor simply provides assistance, making it easier to ride uphill, travel further, and maintain higher speeds with less effort.

Essentially, e-bikes enhance your pedalling power, offering a more accessible and enjoyable cycling experience.

To explore our full range of electric bikes, browse the collection here.

Why Are E-Bikes So Popular?

Electric bikes appeal to commuters, fitness fans, and leisure riders alike thanks to their many advantages:

• Eco-Friendly Travel - With zero emissions and lower energy use than cars, e-bikes are a cleaner way to get around and support the UK’s climate goals.
• Health Benefits - You still need to pedal - so e-bikes offer a low-impact way to stay active and boost overall fitness.
• Cost Savings - E-bikes are cheaper to run and maintain than cars, saving money on fuel, parking, and public transport.

Interested in saving even more? Take a look at our electric bikes currently available at lower prices - a smart way to enjoy all the benefits of e-biking without stretching your budget.

A Growing Trend in the UK

Electric bikes are gaining popularity across the UK, from city commutes in London and Manchester to countryside adventures. Backed by government efforts to promote greener transport, e-bikes are now a key part of sustainable travel.

However, not all e-bikes are road legal. It’s important to understand the rules - next, we’ll explore which models meet UK regulations and which could land you in trouble.

UK Electric Bike Regulations

Electric bikes may be growing in popularity, but not all are legal for road use. The UK has specific rules in place to ensure safety and fairness for all road users.

What Makes an E-Bike Road Legal?

To be used on public roads without a licence, insurance, or registration, an electric bike must meet the following criteria:

• EAPC Compliance: Bikes must meet Electrically Assisted Pedal Cycle (EAPC) standards. This includes working pedals, clear manufacturer labelling, and adherence to safety specifications.

Only e-bikes that meet these requirements can be ridden on public roads and cycle paths in the UK. Anything outside these is classed as a motor vehicle and subject to additional legal requirements.

The Basics of Throttle Regulations

Contrary to popular belief, throttles on electric bikes aren’t outright banned in the UK. However, their use is subject to specific legal conditions.

Standard throttles on e-bikes are legal in the UK but can only operate without pedalling up to 6km/h or 3.7mph, typically for “walk start” assistance. To go faster, the rider must pedal, and the throttle can assist up to 15.5mph.

It is possible to purchase an Electrically Assisted Pedal Cycle (EAPC) with a throttle that can provide electrical assistance without the use of pedals, up to 15.5mph, as long as it is 'type approved'.

Riders interested in a type approved 'Twist and Go' EAPC should refer to our Wisper collection.

When you order an eligible Wisper full-throttle eBike, we arrange for it to be tested by the DVSA and approved as an L1e category 250W Low Powered Moped. This process can take 2-8 weeks, as the bike needs to be inspected at an approved MVSA centre for Single Vehicle Approval (SVA) tests.

These tests ensure that the eBike complies with current Electrically Assisted Pedal Cycle (EAPC) regulations. After the test, we receive a British National Type Approval certificate, which is specific to your bike’s frame number. This certificate is valid for the bike's lifetime and doesn’t require renewal, unlike an MOT.

When not using the throttle, the bike functions like a standard eBike, with no impact on regular EAPC features.

Legal Consequences of Non-Compliance

Riding an electric bike that doesn’t meet UK legal standards - such as exceeding the 250W power limit, going over 15.5mph, or using an unrestricted throttle without type approval - can lead to fines, penalties, or even confiscation of the bike. These rules are enforced to protect both riders and other road users.

By staying within the legal limits, you not only avoid legal trouble but also promote safer, more responsible riding on shared roads and cycle paths.

Electric Bikes That Are Illegal in the UK

Not all electric bikes are road-legal in the UK. Some models fall outside the legal limits and are therefore banned from public roads. Here’s what to watch out for:

Types of Illegal E-Bikes

• Overpowered Motors: Any e-bike electric motor with a maximum continuous rated power exceeding 250 watts is not road-legal. These high-powered motors are treated as motor vehicles under UK law and require registration, tax, and insurance. You can still use these on private land - explore our fastest electric bikes in the UK if you’re curious about what’s available beyond the road-legal limit.
• Excessive Speed: E-bikes that can assist beyond 15.5 mph (25 km/h) are also illegal for road use. Higher speeds increase the risk of accidents and reduce control.
• Non-EAPC Compliant Bikes: Bikes that don’t meet Electrically Assisted Pedal Cycle (EAPC) standards - such as those without functional pedals - are not permitted on public roads.

Why Choosing a Legal E-Bike Matters

Riding a road-legal electric bike means you’re compliant with UK law, protected from penalties, and contributing to safer, more responsible cycling. It also helps promote a positive image of e-biking as a sustainable, mainstream transport option.

Want help choosing a compliant model? See our guide to the best road-legal electric bikes in the UK.

Conclusion

In this post, we’ve explored which electric bikes are illegal in the UK and why it’s essential to understand the regulations before hitting the road. From power and speed limits to EAPC compliance, staying informed helps ensure a safe, legal, and enjoyable riding experience.

At Bike Yard Online, we’re proud to offer a wide selection of high-quality, road-legal electric bikes. Whether you're after a stylish city commuter, a capable off-road model, or a comfortable cruiser, our range includes fully compliant bikes from trusted manufacturers.

Browse our collection today and find the perfect electric bike that meets both your needs and UK legal standards. With Bike Yard Online, you can ride with confidence - knowing your e-bike is safe, sustainable, and road-ready.